Sofia Highlights Walking Tour with a Visit to the Old Observatory

Begin your tour at Saint Nedelya Church, one of Sofia’s most historic landmarks. Here you’ll uncover the story behind the 1925 terrorist bombing, one of the most dramatic events in Europe’s interwar history. This powerful introduction sets the stage for your journey through the era of the Bulgarian monarchy (1879–1944)—a period marked by royal ambition, political intrigue, and national transformation. It’s the perfect starting point for understanding how Sofia became the capital it is today.

Continue your journey at the Ancient Serdica Archaeological Complex, where Sofia’s Roman past comes to life beneath the modern city. Here you’ll walk through the remains of streets, homes, early Christian basilicas, and fortress walls that once formed the thriving Roman town of Serdica, so beloved that Emperor Constantine reportedly considered making it his capital. This stop reveals how Sofia has grown layer by layer over the centuries, blending ancient foundations with today’s vibrant urban heart.

The Rotunda of Saint George (St. George Rotunda) is Sofia’s oldest preserved building, a 4th-century brick church dating back to the Roman city of Serdica. Hidden within the courtyard of the Presidency and government buildings, it offers a dramatic view of the layers of history—Roman, Byzantine, and medieval—found at the very heart of the capital.

Your tour continues at the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia’s most iconic landmark and one of the largest Orthodox churches in the Balkans. Built in honor of the Russian soldiers who helped liberate Bulgaria in 1878, its gold-plated domes, marble interiors, and intricate mosaics showcase the grandeur of the Bulgarian Revival. Here you’ll explore the cathedral’s national significance and its role in shaping Sofia’s identity as a modern European capital.

Discover the historic Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, the oldest and most prestigious higher-education institution in Bulgaria. Its elegant neo-Renaissance building, funded by prominent local benefactors, symbolizes the nation’s cultural and intellectual awakening after Liberation. Here you’ll learn how the university became a center of science, literature, and political thought, shaping generations of leaders and contributing to Sofia’s growth as a vibrant academic capital.

Boris' Garden (Borisova Gradina), named after Tsar Boris III, holds the distinction of being the oldest and largest park in Sofia, often referred to locally as "The Lungs of Sofia". Its development began in the 1880s, designed by Swiss gardener Daniel Neff, establishing it as a foundational green public space in the newly formed Bulgarian state.

This popular park is much more than a natural retreat; it is an integrated urban space featuring lakes, numerous monuments to prominent Bulgarians, and diverse plant life. Crucially, Boris' Garden is home to the historic University Astronomical Observatory, which will be our next stop.

Located within the serene setting of Boris' Garden, the Sofia University Astronomical Observatory is one of the oldest astronomical institutions in the Balkans, founded in 1892. During your visit, you will embark on a guided tour of the complex, learning about its pioneering history. You will see historic instruments, including the famous 15.2cm Grubb Refractor, which is still utilized today for public outreach and academic instruction. If conditions permit, you may have the rare opportunity to look into the night sky through the original telescopes, connecting directly with over a century of Bulgarian intellectual history. This unique experience offers a tangible connection from the historical foundations of Sofia to the ongoing exploration of the cosmos.